The Anatomy Of A Pigs Heart Physical Education Essay

The Anatomy Of A Pigs Heart Physical knowledge EssayThe aim of this experiment was to understand the external and cozy structures by dissecting a pigs feel, drawing and labelling the structures.IntroductionA pigs bone marrow is covered by the thin membrane or pericardium. Myocardium exists as the muscle placed on a lower floor the pericardium. Most of the myocardium in the lower two chambers of the pith called ventricles (Lane, 2010a).A pigs message has four chambers which include leftover hand atrium, left ventricle, ripe atrium and a decently field ventricle (Lane, 2010a). Atrium and ventricle are separated by valves. In the entrance of the left ventricle has bicuspid valve which controls the tear devolves from the left atrium to the left ventricle during diastole (Lane, 2010a). temporary hookup in the entrance of the right ventricle has angulate valve which allows billet flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. The function of valves is to make the pi pe strain only moving from atrium to ventricle and avoid regurgitation. (Lane, 2010a).There are both(prenominal) blood vessels have a signifi finisht influence on transferring the blood (Lane, 2010a). Coronary arterial blood vessel which lies in the transmission channel on the front of nucleus carries flesh blood to the meat muscle to receive oxygen and nutrients (Lane, 2010a). pulmonic artery which lies out of the right ventricle supplies blood with oxygen to the lungs (Lane, 2010a). Aorta which is the major(ip) vessel located near the right atria provides blood to the upper eubstance (Lane, 2010a). Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium (Lane, 2010a). Inferior and Superior venous blood vessel Cava which are located on left of the intent and link to the right atrium, supplies deoxygenated blood to the right receiving chamber (Lane, 2010a).Blood flows done the pig heart are similar with a humans. Deoxygenated blood moving from the premium and subordinate vena cava (see material body 1) into the right atrium which has a actually low insistence (Gisbornesc, 2010). During diastole which indicates the relaxation phase, the right ventricles pressure drops down almost zero. There is a pressure gradient between the right atrium and ventricle, leading to the blood flow into the right ventricle (Gisbornesc, 2010). When the ventricle fills, the blood goes through the tricuspid valve. During systole (the contract phase) the ventricle begins to contract, the intraventricular pressure is increased which causes the tricuspid valve to close time the pneumonic valve open (Gisbornesc, 2010). And then blood moves out of the ventricle via the pulmonary artery to the lungs (Gisbornesc, 2010). When the ventricle relaxes, intraventricular pressure drops below the pressure in the pulmonary artery, as a result, the pulmonary valve close. In this case, blood returns to the right commit of the heart and is pumped back to the lungs f or gas exchange (Gisbornesc, 2010). emblem 1(Biologymad, 2010) shows the blood flow within the heart.Figure 1 (Biologymad, 2010) The Blood stream within HeartThe function of a heart is to promote blood flowing to organs and tissues, providing enough blood, oxygen and various nutrients while pickings a course the metabolic products such as carbon dioxide, urea and uric acid. This process maintains the normal function and metabolism of the cells within the body.Method Observations fabricFresh pig heartScalpelsContainer for heartScissorsForcepsCutting juryEquipmentSeveral blank A4 sheetsPensHB pencilsErasersRulersSharpenersProcedure-External AnatomyA heart was hardened in a dissecting pan.The size of this heart was moderate the colour of this heart was pink and it was a little smelly.The heart was examined and the thin membrane or pericardium that still covers the heart was located. The pericardium was removed care fully.The pericardium was too thin to remove.The tip of the heart o r the flower was located.The left ventricle extended all the way to the apex.The heart was placed in the dissecting pan. The major blood vessels were on the up perspective and the apex was down.There was a groove that extended from the right side of the board end of the heart.The heart was in the pan in the position and faced my body. The left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle were located from this surface.Four chambers were observed unclearly, but still could be identified.While the heart was still in this position in the dissecting pan, the coronary artery, pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary veins and lacking(p) superior vena cava were located at the capacious end of the heart.Aorta, pulmonary artery and pulmonary veins inferior superior vena cava were observed clearly, but coronary artery was non put.A fully denominate plat of the front heart was drawn.Figure 2 is attached.8. A fully labelled diagram showing the back side of heart was drew.Figure 3 is attached.Procedure- Internal AnatomyThe side of the pulmonary artery was shock through and continue cutting down into the environ of the right ventricle using the scissors. Cut deep enough to go through the wall of the heart chamber. (The cutting line was above parallel to the groove of the coronary artery)The heart was pushed open at the cut to examine the internal structure with fingers. There was a dried blood indoors the chambers, the heart was rinsed out.The right atrium was located. The thinner muscular wall of this receiving chamber was measured by ruler.The right atrium was about 5-10 mm and very fluent.A fully labelled diagram showing the internal of right atrium was draw.Figure 4 is attached.The inferior superior vena cava enter this chamber were riged. The lack of valves was observe.The inferior superior vena cava was easy to found.The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle was located, which is called tricuspid valve.This valve consisted of thre e leaflets and had long fibbers of connective tissue.The thickness of the right ventricle and its smooth was felt by fingers. The network of irregular muscular cords was noniced on the inner wall of this chamber.The right ventricle was about 20mm and very smooth.The septum was found on the right side of the right ventricle.The septum was thick which separated the right and left ventricles from each other.The pulmonary artery was located inside the right ventricle. The one-way valve called the pulmonary valve was found.A fully labelled diagram showing the back side of heart was drew.Figure 3 is attached.The heart was continued to cut open using scissors. A cut was started on the outside of the left atrium downwardly into the left ventricle cutting toward the apex to the septum at the centre groove. The heart was pushed open at this cut with fingers any dried blood was rinsed out with water.The heart was difficult to cut downward into the left ventricle because the knife was not sh arp.The left atrium was examined. The openings of the pulmonary veins were found from the lungs.The pulmonary veins were hard to observe.Bicuspid valve was looked for inside left atrium.This valve consisted of two leaflets.The left ventricle was examined. The thickness of the ventricular wall was noticed.The left ventricle was found and the thickness of the ventricular was about 20mm.The left ventricle was cut crossways the left ventricle toward the aorta continues cutting to expose the valve using scissors.The three flapping or leaflets were counted on this valve called aortic valve.This valve had half-moon shape.Notes to all the diagrams were added relating the labelled structures to their functions.ResultsFigure 2 shows the front view of heart.In this figure, the aorta is clearly visible at the top, with left and right atrium on either side, while the ventricles are in the bottom. This figure also shows the aortic and pulmonary arteries as well as the pulmonary veins and super ior vena cava.2. Figure 3 shows the back side of heart.In this figure, the superior vena cava and aorta cannister be seen.3. Figure 4 shows the internal view of the right side.In this figure, the tricuspid valve can be seen and the right ventricular outflow tract which includes the pulmonary artery.4. Figure 5 shows the internal view of the left sideIn this figure, the bicuspid valve and aorta can be seen.DiscussionPossible errors may have arisen during this experiment. Firstly, the heart was cut difficultly, because the equipment stipulation was not sharp enough. Secondly, some blood vessels can not be found such as coronary artery, because the pigs heart was not fresh enough, may be damaged by the butcher. Thirdly, human errors may lead to the results not precise. For instance, when cut deeply to go through the wall of the heart chamber, the cutting line was not parallel to the groove of the coronary, as a result, the chamber can not observed carefully.A here later on experime nt should be improved in following ways. Firstly, the equipments should be given sharp enough in order to cut the heart efficiently according to the instruction. Secondly, the pig heart should be provided fresh enough and completely. In this case, all the organs can be observed and described. Finally, when cutting line is required parallel, it is better to use the ruler to measure.ConclusionIn conclusion, after doing the experiment, the external and internal structure was examined. A pigs heart is four house pump which includes left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium and right ventricle. Valves, which separate atrium and ventricle, resist blood from flowing backwards. A pig has double system which can make blood circulate the whole body via the vessels.